What is the difference between margin and padding in CSS?

Margin is defined as the space that surrounds an element outside its border, while padding refers to the space between the content of an element and its border. This distinction is fundamental in CSS layout and design.

When you apply margin to an element, you effectively create space between that element and any other elements surrounding it. This helps control the overall positioning of elements on the page, ensuring they do not crowd each other and can be arranged in a visually appealing way.

On the other hand, padding affects the space inside an element. It increases the distance between the content (like text or images) and the element's border. This can enhance readability and visual structure, as it creates breathing room inside the element itself without affecting its outer positioning.

Understanding the difference between margin and padding allows for more precise control over the layout and aesthetic of web pages. Designers and developers can use these properties strategically to achieve the desired visual effects and interactions among elements.